A South Sudanese girl puts laundry on a barbed
fence at a makeshift IDP camp at the U.N. Mission compound in Juba December 22,
2013.
In the South Sudan city of Bor,
memories of 1991 are playing out in real time.
That was when Riek Machar fell
out with John Garang, then the leader of the rebels fighting against the north
in Sudan's bloody civil war. That split led to vicious attacks in Bor.
People fled. People died.
More than two decades later,
after South Sudan achieved independence from Khartoum, after it became the
world's newest nation, people are again dying. They are again fleeing government
troops battle rebel followers of former Vice President Machar.
In Bor, the evidence of fresh
blood was everywhere Wednesday. On Christmas Day, the stores were looted,
emptied of everything. The hospitals had no medicine, no doctors. Even the
doctors ran to save their own lives.
Homes lay burned. Razed.
On both sides of the main roads,
streams of people carried their life's belongings. Even chairs.
Sporadic gunfire, mainly warning
shots now from government troops, pierced the air.
The heavy fighting, for now, was
done. President Salva Kiir's soldiers were in control. The rebels were battling
elsewhere for control including further north in the city of Malakal, the
capital of oil-rich Upper Nile state.
The fighting between rival
ethnic groups, which began mid-month, has led to mass killings as evidenced by
mass graves, the United Nations has said.
The Security Council voted to
add thousands more troops to its peacekeeping presence there to protect
civilians in the young nation convulsed by violence. It would bring the total
force up to 12,500 soldiers and 1,323 police officers.
U.N. Secretary-General Ban
Ki-moon warned Wednesday those responsible for civilian deaths would be held
accountable.
"We know many of you are
suffering from horrific attacks," Ban told the people of South Sudan in a radio
address. "Families are fleeing their homes. Many of you have lost loved ones and
are grieving.
"I once again call on the
country's leaders to settle their differences peacefully -- and I underscore
their responsibility to protect civilians," he said. "I have warned all
responsible for crimes that they will be held accountable."
And the Peace and Security
Council of the African Union expressed "deep dismay and disappointment that the
continent's newest nation should descend so rapidly into internal strife." It
said it was alarmed by the "escalation of ethnic mobilization by belligerents,
and emphasized that such mobilization of ethnic forces has the potential of
causing untold human suffering."
Fighting began months after Kiir
dismissed Machar, whose supporters have taken up arms against the government.
Kiir and Machar are longtime rivals from two different tribal clans, the Dinka
and the Neur.
As the crisis worsens, aid
agencies predict they will need $166 million from now until March to provide
water, sanitation, medical care and food. Even in Juba, the capital, food is
running short.
"This is an extremely difficult
time for the people of this new nation, and it is crucial that aid agencies have
the resources they need to save lives in the coming months," said Toby Lanzer,
UN Humanitarian Coordinator in South Sudan.
In the last 10 days, 90,000
people have been forced from their homes; 58,000 of them are at UN peacekeeping
bases.
"In Bor and Bentiu this week, I
have seen just how badly the communities caught in violence need our help,"
Lanzer said. "Our priorities are to stay, protect, and deliver.
Bor is where Machar's forces
fired on three U.S. military aircraft that were on an evacuation mission
Saturday. Four Navy SEALs were injured; the most seriously injured of them was
en route Wednesday to the U.S. military hospital facility in Landstuhl, Germany.
He had been treated initially in Nairobi, Kenya.
"The fourth injured service
member is on his way," a U.S. military official with knowledge of the operation
said. "I hear he is doing well."
The official, who spoke on
condition of anonymity, said the four SEALs were part of an operation to
evacuate Americans in and around Bor when the CV-22 Osprey they were aboard was
shot down. The Osprey was flown by an Air Force Special Operations team, and the
SEALs were aboard to provide security when they landed, the official said.
All four were shot in the upper
leg and thigh, the official said. The San Diego-based SEALs were on a routine
deployment in Djibouti, a U.S. military hub, when they were called upon to
participate in the rescue, the official said.
A bipartisan group of U.S.
legislators sent a letter Tuesday to South Sudan's president, calling for a halt
to rhetoric that condones violence against his rivals.
South Sudan's breathtaking
descent into widespread conflict comes a little more than two years after the
nation was ushered into existence with help from international powers after
decades of civil war between separatists in the oil-rich south and Sudan's
government in Khartoum.
In places like Bor, conflict had
become a part of life, except perhaps for a brief time after South Sudan was
born.
In Bor Wednesday, a 33-year-old
woman who had lived through the violence of 1991, found herself questioning the
future. Again.
"How long," she asked, "are we
going to continue to run?"
cnn.com